Essay about Slaughtering for the Humanness of Horses

Slaughtering for the Humanness of Horses The closing of slaughterhouses in the United States for horses has resulted in inhumane treatment and gross neglect for thousands of horses. Congressmen, lobbyists, activists, actors, and every day people have petitioned for these death traps to be destroyed, all for the benefit of the horse. The horse, who cannot speak, can only react to his surroundings. The ones to be benefited are the people who see this as cruel, and inhumane; to give them a clear conscious, because they feel endeared to this animal. I, too, am endeared to this animal, but understand that the horse has been put in, an all too often, precarious situation, that even death, cannot come quick enough. Without slaughter†¦show more content†¦One horse rescue farm received calls on 230 horses from April 2008 to August 2009 (Lewis, 2009). That’s an increase of over 1800 percent from the previous year, when slaughterhouses closed. Horse rescue farms rely on donations, whether in the form of food, labor, or money, to make ends meet. â€Å"It’s always a struggle,† (Myers), who owns Sunshine Acres rescue ranch, said. â€Å"It’s expensive to keep horses, and there aren’t enough donations coming in. Most of the horses I get are underweight and have health problems, which requires more feed.†(Lewis, 2009, p. 4A) Others have horses that are geriatric or have medical issues. They are kept out of compassion, as not many would want the financial burden of a horse that is unusable. These horses are even more difficult to find new homes for and in some instances their quality of life has already passed. Other people refuse to try to make arrangements for them when they experience a financial hardship and just quit feeding them. â€Å"They’re emaciated. Some of them, their eyes are glazed over,† said Holly Simpson, (Zaborney, 2010, p. 1) of Arabian Rescue Midwest, who visited 30 plus horses after they were seized by the Humane Society. One horse was already dead and six others had to be euthanized at the sight, as their state of

The Expectancy Violations Theory And Human Norms - 1299 Words

We have all heard the maxim â€Å"stick to the status quo.† The desire to adhere to societal norms influences our everyday actions and largely shapes how we interact with others. What happens when we stray from the norm and do something unexpected? For this assignment, Professor Striley, after explaining the expectancy violations theory, challenged her students to apply its concepts to violate a stranger’s expectations in public and record the subsequent response. Through this activity, I learned firsthand that low communicator reward valence potential could cause a seemingly ambiguous violation to seem negative. In this paper, I will first explain the expectancy violations theory and describe the expectancy my group violated for the assignment. Next, I will apply four concepts from the expectancy violations theory to my group’s violation. Finally, I will address my own reactions to my group’s violation and how it has further shaped by understanding of communicator reward valence and the expectancy violations theory as a whole. The expectancy violations theory is â€Å"about what happens when we act differently than others predict we will act† (Striley, 2015, p. 5). This fixed prediction stems from the idea that individuals generally adhere to social norms, which can be defined as â€Å"rules indicating how individuals are expected to behave in specific situations† (Striley, 2015, p. 7). For example, most people would not wear footie pajamas to a job interview because theyShow MoreRelatedExpectancy Violation Theory And Its Significance1650 Words   |  7 Pagesreviews expectancy violation theory and its significance in understanding interpersonal communication. The theory highlights the unexpected behavior of human being while interacting (Dainton, 2011). This theory is based on the reduction uncertainty where ambiguity on behaviors of others is reduced through interaction. Expectancy violations theory off ers some prospect to compare the personality of traditional empiricism with humanism. The theory was developed from the Nonverbal expectancy violation modelRead MoreThe Theory Of The Expectancy Violation Theory1668 Words   |  7 Pagespre-existing and external factors. Burgoon’s Expectancy Violations Theory analyses people’s reactions to unanticipated violations of social norms or expectations. This theory discusses many of the different factors that play a role when individuals form their expectancies such as context, relationship, communicator characteristics, and nonverbal communication. This paper analyses the pros and cons of the Expectancy Violation Theory. It argues why this theory satisfies enough of Griffin s six standardsRead MoreExpectancy Violation Theory1588 Words   |  7 PagesExpectancy Violation Theory Introduction â€Å"Expectancy violations exert significance on people’s interaction patterns, on their impressions of one another, and on the outcomes of their interactions† (Burgoon 1993:40). In other words, Judee Burgoon, founder of the expectancy violation theory, concluded from various experiments that people evaluate communication with others in a negative or positive regard, based on their expectation of the interaction and their opinion of the communicator. WhenRead MoreExpectancy Violation Theory1573 Words   |  7 PagesExpectancy Violation Theory Introduction â€Å"Expectancy violations exert significance on people’s interaction patterns, on their impressions of one another, and on the outcomes of their interactions† (Burgoon 1993:40). In other words, Judee Burgoon, founder of the expectancy violation theory, concluded from various experiments that people evaluate communication with others in a negative or positive regard, based on their expectation of the interaction and their opinion of the communicator. When peopleRead MoreThree Theories of Nonverbal Communication Essay1231 Words   |  5 Pagesthat this field is relatively recent there are many theories about our interaction with others. This paper will discuss the nonverbal expectancy theory along with two other theories, and describe how these theories can work together. Before it is possible to compare and contrast the three models, one must first be familiar with them. So what is the nonverbal expectancy theory, and how can it be of a benefit? This theory is based upon social norms within a conversation when dealing with strangersRead MoreInterpersonal Communication : The Heart And Soul Of Communication1366 Words   |  6 Pagessignificant others, and immediate others, before expanding to other areas of life. Through communication, scholars have been able to predict an array of different reactions through calculated uses of surveys and questionnaires. The Expectancy Violations Theory (EVT) model defines violation expectedness â€Å"as the extent to which behavior varies from the range of expected behavior† (Bevan, 2003). Where do individuals learn the range of what is deemed as expected behavior? Scholars understand that it is a combinationRead MoreExpectancy Violation Theory (Paper Rough Draft)1192 Words   |  5 PagesExpectancy Violati on Theory (Paper Rough Draft) â€Æ' Expectancy Violation Theory, or more commonly referred to as EVT, is the study of attempting to explain one’s reactions to unexpected behavior of their peers, and the various meanings that people attribute to the violation, or infringement, of their personal space. Judee Burgoon defines personal space as the invisible, variable volume of space surrounding an individual that defines that individual’s preferred distance from others. I will explainRead MoreInterpersonal Relationships And Its Effects On The Family And Community822 Words   |  4 Pagesinterpersonal relations and why people need them. In this quest, many theories, concepts, and axioms have been proposed to explain the complex notion of interpersonal relationships. This essay utilizes various theories and ideas to develop the ingredients of an effective interpersonal relationship. The theories will include the Symbolic Interaction, Expectancy Violations, Constructivism, Social Penetration, and Relational Di alectics Theory while the ideas will consist of non-verbal communication, self-conceptRead MorePersonal Space And Threat Threshold2014 Words   |  9 PagesTheory Summary According to Judgee Burgoon’s Expectancy Violation Theory, violating non-verbal expectancies, under certain conditions, can be more passive then conforming (Garard class-notes). This theory is applied to when an individual’s personal space and threat threshold is violated. Burgoon defines personal space as, â€Å" the invisible, variable volume of space surrounding an individual that defines that individual’s preferred distance from others† (Griffin 2012). The size and shape of our personalRead MoreEssay about Interpersonal Communication1845 Words   |  8 Pagescommunication theories, such as social identity theory, self-expansion theory, uncertainty reduction theory and expectancy violation theory, I learned more about myself, as well as my relationships and surroundings. Through communication, we socially construct our identities; how we see ourselves and how the world sees us. Our identity, from a young age through present age, constantly alters and changes through various interactions with different people and surroundings (Hall LaFrance). As humans, it is

Robert Gray Free Essays

Composers often manipulate their chosen form of text to explore their concerns within the world. Throughout the poem The Late Ferry by Robert Gray the type of journey is seen to be long-term, emotional, confronting and challenging for individuals. Shaun Tan’s The Red Tree uses journey as being long-term, personal, confronting, emotional and mental. We will write a custom essay sample on Robert Gray or any similar topic only for you Order Now These are recognized by the usage of symbolism and metaphors. Robert Grays The Late Ferry contains a large amount of symbolism through the duration of the poem. The symbolism is what gives the audience an idea of what the journey itself is and what type of journey it may be. In the 1st stanza we see this symbolism as a mother watching her child leave her and enter the real world on their own â€Å"The late ferry is leaving now; I stay to watch from the balcony as it goes up onto the huge dark harbor†. This is exploring journey through the child leaving their mother and getting about on their own now, therefore for the child it is a journey of coming of age. Robert Gray can uncover journey to the audience by using light and darkness to juxtapose each other and showing what are the positive and negative times for the individual in this journey. The colour orange in stanza 4 is a symbolism for an element of hope. Hope that this individual will get used to be on their own and finding their way around through life â€Å"And out beyond the tomato stake patch of the yachts, with their orange lights† juxtaposed to the darkness symbolised in stanza 6 â€Å"the longer white feel nervously about in the blackness† this is also symbolic of a negative time as the person is nervous in a dark world trying to find the light to turn their world positive again. The technique shown in these quotes can be symbolism, juxtaposition and the re-occurring motif of the colour. This shows the audience when the journey can be great or when the journey can be tough. This is a way of Robert Gray showing his notion of journey in The Late Ferry. Shaun Tan and The Red Tree uses also uses symbolism and metaphors to create knowledge to the reader by clearly showing what journey they are on and what sort of journey it could be for the individual in the text. On the page where the girl is bottled up on a beach we can see what is happening in her life and why she is feeling this way. The writing on the page says, â€Å"no one understands† by it stating this and the picture of her to go with it we can see that the technique being used by Shaun Tan is social distance; she is distancing herself away from everyone, as no one understands her feelings she is going through. We feel as if she has been dehumanized and left to suffer, we show sympathy towards her. The notion of journey is being explored by Shaun Tan in this as we get so many emotions and right away we realise it is a personal, emotional journey. In The Red Tree we also explore journey through the image in frame 4, we are exposed to the idea that journeys can offer a change in perspective, ideals and behaviors. She is experiencing an inner emotional journey that is displayed through her being in a bottle and the message is on the shore instead of being in the bottle. This is represented through the dull colours- dark blue and black. These are symbolic of the type of journey she is on. We give empathy to this girl as we get the feeling that no one wants to talk to her and no one likes to her their emotions all bottled up. Through both the texts The Late Ferry and The Red Tree journey is explored and depicted by the usage of symbolism and colours. Although both composers are using the same techniques the type of journey is completely different to one another. Ultimately both composers clearly display in their text what is happening throughout the whole time of this experience for the individual. How to cite Robert Gray, Essay examples

Preparation of sodium hexanitrocobaltate free essay sample

Sodium hexanitrocobaltate (III) is a coordination complex which has the formula Na3[Co(NO2)6]. This compound is yellow in colour. It consists of a central Co3+ ion surrounded by six nitro ligands [1]. This compound is used as a qualitative test for potassium and ammonium ions (so long as certain other cations are not present) [1]. Potassium and ammonium are insoluble in water, while sodium is [1]. Hence, the potassium and ammonium salts are precipitated as a yellow solid. AIM To prepare sodium hexanitrocobaltate (III) from pure potassium-free sodium nitrite, cobalt nitrate hexahydrate, 50% acetic acid and 95% ethanol. In this practical, the nitrite ions acts as an oxidant and a ligand [2]. Co2+ (aq) is more stable than Co3+ (aq), however when cobalt attaches to nitrogen containing ligands, Co3+ becomes the more stable ion [2]. Initially, the hexanitrocbaltate reduces the excess nitrite. The reaction produces nitrogen oxide gas, which reacts with air to form nitrogen dioxide [2]. These gases are removed when the solution is introduced to a steady stream of air [3]. We will write a custom essay sample on Preparation of sodium hexanitrocobaltate or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Reaction Equation: Co(NO2)3 + 5NaNO3 + 2NO3 Na3[Co(NO2)6] + 2NaNO3 + NO + H2O STRUCTURE MATERIAL 12 grams pure potassium-free sodium nitrite  12 ml cold water 4 grams cobalt nitrate hexahydrate 4 ml 50% acetic acid ethanol ice glass rod dropper hotplate beakers measuring cylinder weighing boat test tube filter paper funnel filter flask aeration tube scale vacuum pump METHOD 12. 01 grams of pure potassium-free sodium nitrite was weighed and added to 12 ml of cold water in a 100 ml beaker. This mixture was then heated on the hotplate until the solid was completely dissolved. The resulting solution was cooled to 50 0C. 4. 07 grams of colbalt nitrate hexahydrate was weighed and dissolved in the cooled solution. Thereafter, 4 ml of 50% acetic acid was added dropwise to the solution while being stirred continuously. The solution obtained was transferred into a test tube, placed into a filter flask and attached to an aeration tube. The vacuum pump was opened slowly to allow a steady stream of air to flow through the solution. This was done for approximately 20 minutes. After 20 minutes, the solution was placed in an ice bath, where 20 ml of 95% ethanol was added slowly while stirring. The mixture was left to stand for 20 minutes in the ice bath to crystallize. The product was filtered and washed three times with 10 ml of ethanol. The dried product was weighed to determine the percentage yield obtained. RESULTS Weight (g) NaNO3 (pure potassium-free sodium nitrite)12. 01 Co(NO2)3 (cobalt nitrate hexahydrate)4. 07 Na3[Co(NO2)6] (sodium hexanitrocobaltate (III))9. 11 Table showing data obtained from the experiment Calculations: Molar Mass (g/mol) NaNO3 (pure potassium-free sodium nitrite)196. 96 Co(NO2)3 (cobalt nitrate hexahydrate)85. 00 Na3[Co(NO2)6] (sodium hexanitrocobaltate (III))403. 96 Table showing the molar masses of the different compounds Number of moles of Co(NO2)3 = mass/molar mass = 4. 07/196. 96 = 0. 0207 mols Stoichiometric ratio of Co(NO2)3: Na3[Co(NO2)6] = 1 : 1 ? Number of moles of Na3[Co(NO2)6] = 0. 0207 mols Mass of product = Molar mass ? number of moles = 403. 96 ? 0. 0207 = 8. 36 g Percentage yield obtained = (Actual Yield)/(Theoretical Yield)? 100 = 9. 11/8. 36? 100 = 108. 95 % The limiting reactant was determined from the following calculation: Co(NO2)6 and 5NaNO3 0. 0207 mols x mols (number of moles available for reaction) 1 5 (stoichiometry) x = 0. 1035 mols†¦ number of moles of NaNO3 needed for the reaction However, actual number of moles of NaNO3 available for the reaction is 0.  1413 mols. Therefore, NaNO3 will be in excess, while Co(NO2)3 is the limiting reactant. OBSERVATIONS When the cobalt nitrate hexahydrate was dissolved in the solution of pure potassium-free sodium nitrite, the mixture turned reddish brown in colour. As the 50% acetic acid was added to the solution, its colour changed to a yellow and became thicker in consistency. As the solution cooled, a l ayer of brownish solution was observed at the top of the product. The final product of sodium hexanitrocobaltate (III) was seen to be a yellowish powder. DISCUSSION A yield of over 100% was obtained. This result obtained has some errors that can be due to: Not filtering and drying the product sufficiently, leaving the product with excess water. Human error while measuring. Some product could remain in the beaker. Product could have spilled while transferring the product from the beaker to the filter funnel. While removing the filter paper, product could have dropped or could remain in the funnel. CONCLUSION The aim of the experiment was to prepare sodium hexanitrocobaltate (III), which was achieved. A yield of 108. 95% was obtained, which was said to be as a result of errors while conducting the practical.