Population Change In Province Of Canada Essay Example for Free

Populace Change In Province Of Canada Essay Presentation According to the Canada’s Performance Report 2006 †future in Canada came to 79.9 years when contrasted with 77.8 years in 1991.â â A lady conceived in 2003 can expect life span up to 82.4 years while a man’s future would be 77.4 years. Insights Canada, The Daily, December 21, 2005 states that ladies are relied upon to live 5 years longer than men.â At present, Canadians depict wellbeing as â€Å"excellent†, â€Å"very good† which has expanded in the ongoing long periods of 2003 and 2005. Canadians who are at age 12 and older,â express that great wellbeing is being appreciated which has ascended from 59. 6 percent (2003) to 65.5 per centâ (2005).â The general wellbeing rate in Canadians expressing as â€Å"good† declined from 29.7 percent (2003) toâ 27.5 percent (2005). Canadians who rate wellbeing as â€Å"fair† or â€Å"poor† likewise declined from 10.6 percent (2003) to 6.9 percent (2005). This section of populace for the most part has a place with lower level of salary, ill-advised calendars of exercise,â poor instruction and mature age. (Canada Statistics, 2006) . According to Canadian Institute of Health Information, Canada burned through $142.0 billion on human services in 2005, an expansion of $12.0 from the year 2004, a normal spending of $4,411 per individual. Baby mortalityâ has dropped in the earlier decade from 6.4 passings per 1,000 births (1991) to 5.3/1000 births (2003) . Wrongdoing rate in murder, manslaughter, and theft in Canada declined to 5.0 percent (2005) and police report 1.2 million property related misdemeanors in 2005.â Youth wrongdoing between the age 12-17 has diminished by 6.0 percent in the year 2005 while crimes are on the ascent in Ontario and Alberta. Theâ populace of Canada by territory as on April 1, 2007 Sno Territory Abbr. Populace % of national populace Alberta Stomach muscle 3,473,984 10.5 English Columbia BC 4,380,256 13.2 Manitoba MB 1,186,679 3.6 New Brunswick NB 749,782 2.3 Newfoundland and Labrador NL 506,275 1.5 Northwest Territories NT 42,637 0.1 Nova Scatia NS 934,147 2.8 Nunavut NU 31,113 0.1 Ontario ON 12,803,861 38.8 Sovereign Edward Island PE 138,627 0.4 Quebec QC 7,700,807 23.4 Saskatchewan SK 996,869 3.0 Yukon YT 30,989 0.1 As recorded by Canada’s National Statistical Agency in populace measurements: 1991-1996â â â â â Total No.of birthsâ â â â â â : â â â â â â â â â 1,936,000â â â No.of passings: 1,024,000 1996-2001â â â â â Total No.of birthsâ â â â â â : â â â â â â â â â 1,705,000â â â No.of passings: 1,089,000 All out no.of births by territory from the period 2002-2007 Territory 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 Canada 330,523 337,762 339,270 345,355 352,848 Newfoundland and Labrador 4,596 4,598 4,543 4,443 4,326 Sovereign Edward Island 1,374 1,403 1,371 1,343 1,348 Nova Scotia 8,635 8,713 8,575 8,499 8,382 New Brunswick 7,104 7,072 6,874 6,840 6,728 Quebec 72,273 74,364 75,422 78,471 83,150 Ontario 129,256 132,874 132,796 133,961 134,141 Manitoba 13,765 13,981 14,031 14,136 14,166 Saskatchewan 11,794 12,121 11,915 11,925 11,918 Alberta 39,450 40,635 41,345 42,875 44,661 English Columbia 40,534 40,205 40,631 41,135 42,306 Yukon Territory 322 374 340 319 311 Northwest Territories 658 697 705 699 678 Nunavut 762 725 722 709 733 Complete no.of passings by territory from the period 2002-2007 Area 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 Canada 223,905 228,829 229,372 230,687 237,931 Newfoundland and Labrador 4,276 4,254 4,357 4,453 4,549 Ruler Edward Island 1,217 1,225 1,236 1,260 1,282 Nova Scotia 7,944 8,269 8,329 8,491 8,654 New Brunswick 6,181 6,373 6,319 6,453 6,589 Quebec 54,896 56,411 56,041 53,350 55,950 Ontario 83,410 84,155 84,495 87,181 89,737 Manitoba 9,852 9,894 9,989 10,130 10,272 Saskatchewan 8,880 9,130 8,900 8,975 9,079 Alberta 18,098 18,775 19,004 19,757 20,581 English Columbia 28,694 29,863 30,254 30,174 30,761 Yukon Territory 145 158 169 177 182 Northwest Territories 183 188 155 159 163 Nunavut 129 134 124 127 132 End A nearby perception on birth and demise rate in Canada whenever saw, uncovers a reality that birth rate is on the ascent while passing rate is on the declining side, which is a direct data that Canada is focusing on wellbeing part of its populace, in the main example and furthermore the reasons for as yet lessening the demise rate can be constrained by powerful proportions of police control in wrongdoing and furthermore in opening restoration habitats for youth and kids for getting treatment from undertaking hostile to social components, for example, burglary, theft, murder or homicide.â Canada being an alluring goal for movement, the future populace is relied upon to be on the ascent as there was an enormous potential for work development in the year 2005. References  Canada’s execution Report 2006 †Annex 3 †Indicators and Additional Information Gotten to 14 November, 2007  http://www.tbs-sct.gc.ca/report/govrev/06/ann301-PR_e.asp?printable=True   Canada’s National factual Agency,â Population development and segments (1851-2001) Gotten to 14 November, 2007 http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/demo03.htm   Canada’s National Statistical Agency Gotten to 14 November, 2007 http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/demo02.htm  Canada’s National Statistical Agency, Birth and birth rate by region and region http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/demo04a.htm  Canada’s National Statistical Agency, Death and demise rate by region and domain  http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/demo07a.htm  Rundown of Canadian regions and domains by populace  Gotten to 14 November, 2007  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Canadian_provinces_and_territories_by_population  Populace evaluations and projections  Gotten to 14 November, 2007 http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/ind01/l3_3867_3433.htm?hili_demo02

Si chuan earthquake Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Si chuan tremor - Essay Example particle System, uncovers that the greater part of the nearby governments in China came up short on the Decision Support System for day by day the executives; along these lines, in any event, during crisis circumstance, they didn't have this urgent instrument. (Liu and Ren, 2009). This proof backings my contention since it shows that there was no readiness to deal with crisis circumstances, for example, seismic tremor. Choice Support System is an essential apparatus in taking care of the executives and crisis issues; subsequently, it ought not need nearby government since seismic tremor is inclined in rustic regions (Liu et al, 2006). An article on the China Earthquake Geospatial Research Portal proposes that it was conceivable to anticipate the extent, and moreover, previous scientist, Geng Qingguo of Institute of Geophysics guarantees that he gave a secret composed report about his forecast of the tremor to the State Seismological Bureau (Pekevski and Mavrodiev, 2008). This article is fundamental in giving proof since it uncovers that the important organizations were cautioned of the looming seismic tremor debacle, yet they neglected to take vital activities. In this manner, they likewise neglected to set up satisfactory readiness to limit loss of lives and property demolition. At last, a multi year UNICEF report dated May 2010 likewise demonstrates that much could have been done to make readiness, for instance, adjusting crisis reaction activities or projects with upstream approach programs (UNICEF, 2010). This report uncovers that there were no strategies set up to manage such crises, for example, upgrading mediation in crisis circumstances require coordination of crisis programs with strategy activities, which were inadequate for this situation. I will in any case need to get proof on factual information in regards to the level of loss of lives and associate it with poor readiness. I will likewise need to get proof on what the administration specialists state about the forecasts and their degree of readiness. These I will get from the Chinese government department’s

Using Multiple 529 Plans

Most investors will choose one particular 529 plan for their college savings. But why stick with just one plan? There are several reasons why someone might want to open accounts in more than one 529 plan. Here are some of the most compelling reasons: Take advantage of a state tax deduction. You and your client may agree that the investment features or other qualities of an out-of-state 529 plan are more attractive than the ones that come with the in-state 529 plan. However, the fact that your clientï ¿ ½s state offers an upfront state tax deduction or credit for using the in-state 529 plan may tip the scales in favor of the in-state 529 plan. In most states, the amount of the deduction or credit is capped to a specific dollar amount. If your client is investing more than the capped amount, he or she can put those extra funds to work in the out-of-state 529 plan. Depending on the state, rollovers from the out-of-state 529 plan to the in-state 529 plan in future years might even qualify for an added state tax benefit. Combine with a prepaid tuition plan. A handful of states operate 529 prepaid tuition plans for their residents. Parents might consider enrolling in their stateï ¿ ½s prepaid planï ¿ ½or perhaps in the Private College 529 Planï ¿ ½to cover future tuition. Investing in both allows the account owner to cover qualifying costs other than tuition with the 529 savings plan assets. Diversify your college savings. Additional investment diversification can be obtained by spreading college savings around to more than one 529 plan, but rarely is this necessary. Most 529 plans offer sufficient diversification within their investment menus, tempering the need for more than one plan. Though small, there is also an element of risk specific to each plan that can be mitigated by holding more than one. Major changes do occasionally happen to 529 plans. The state may elect to discontinue the plan, as Wyoming did in 2006. The manager may decide not to renew its contract, as Fidelity did with its advisor-sold plan in California. Having multiple plans would make it easier to roll assets from one to the other in the event of unforeseen issues. Include a specialized investment. Some 529 plans offer special types of investments that few, if any, other 529 plans make available. Depending on your investment experience and risk tolerance, you may want to have a portion of your 529 savings in one of these specialized instruments: Socially-responsible investments Stable-value funds Guarantee principal-plus-interest investments FDIC-insured bank products Treasury inflation protection securities (TIPS) Real estate investment trusts (REITS) Receive more collateral. Once someone enrolls in a 529 plan they will begin to receive newsletters, bulletins, and other educational materials relating to college savings. College-savings ï ¿ ½junkiesï ¿ ½ may want to open accounts in multiple plans just to receive more of this collateral. But be forewarned: All the extra paperwork and mail quickly becomes overwhelming. For the vast majority of American families, one or two 529 plans per beneficiary will be plenty. Originally posted 2013-10-10 Most investors will choose one particular 529 plan for their college savings. But why stick with just one plan? There are several reasons why someone might want to open accounts in more than one 529 plan. Here are some of the most compelling reasons: Take advantage of a state tax deduction. You and your client may agree that the investment features or other qualities of an out-of-state 529 plan are more attractive than the ones that come with the in-state 529 plan. However, the fact that your clientï ¿ ½s state offers an upfront state tax deduction or credit for using the in-state 529 plan may tip the scales in favor of the in-state 529 plan. In most states, the amount of the deduction or credit is capped to a specific dollar amount. If your client is investing more than the capped amount, he or she can put those extra funds to work in the out-of-state 529 plan. Depending on the state, rollovers from the out-of-state 529 plan to the in-state 529 plan in future years might even qualify for an added state tax benefit. Combine with a prepaid tuition plan. A handful of states operate 529 prepaid tuition plans for their residents. Parents might consider enrolling in their stateï ¿ ½s prepaid planï ¿ ½or perhaps in the Private College 529 Planï ¿ ½to cover future tuition. Investing in both allows the account owner to cover qualifying costs other than tuition with the 529 savings plan assets. Diversify your college savings. Additional investment diversification can be obtained by spreading college savings around to more than one 529 plan, but rarely is this necessary. Most 529 plans offer sufficient diversification within their investment menus, tempering the need for more than one plan. Though small, there is also an element of risk specific to each plan that can be mitigated by holding more than one. Major changes do occasionally happen to 529 plans. The state may elect to discontinue the plan, as Wyoming did in 2006. The manager may decide not to renew its contract, as Fidelity did with its advisor-sold plan in California. Having multiple plans would make it easier to roll assets from one to the other in the event of unforeseen issues. Include a specialized investment. Some 529 plans offer special types of investments that few, if any, other 529 plans make available. Depending on your investment experience and risk tolerance, you may want to have a portion of your 529 savings in one of these specialized instruments: Socially-responsible investments Stable-value funds Guarantee principal-plus-interest investments FDIC-insured bank products Treasury inflation protection securities (TIPS) Real estate investment trusts (REITS) Receive more collateral. Once someone enrolls in a 529 plan they will begin to receive newsletters, bulletins, and other educational materials relating to college savings. College-savings ï ¿ ½junkiesï ¿ ½ may want to open accounts in multiple plans just to receive more of this collateral. But be forewarned: All the extra paperwork and mail quickly becomes overwhelming. For the vast majority of American families, one or two 529 plans per beneficiary will be plenty. Originally posted 2013-10-10

Analysis Of Homer s The Iliad Essay - 2387 Words

Humans inherently change and evolve, may it be for better or for worse. Such an obvious theme in human existence is unsurprisingly evident in many works of literature, in which protagonists are prone to development and complex arcs. However, many may argue that certain characters in prose or poetry, in fact, do not undergo this aforementioned transformation and rather stay stagnant, never evolving past their current form. Such debate surrounds Achilles, the famous Greek hero, who is one of the main characters in Homer’s classic, The Iliad. Many consider that Achilles never overcomes his godly mà ªnis, which leads to grand calamity. On the contrary, others affirm that Achilles’ heart does soften and he is subjected to the typical arcs of any character. This debate remains; however, close analysis of the text provides strong evidence to support that Achilles does ,in fact, go through drastic development and transforms from how he previously was. At first, Achilles is sel fish and abhorrently animalistic. However, at the close of The Iliad, Homer hints to a shift in his character, displaying a more calm and compassionate Achilles. The first book of The Iliad immediately communicates to the reader the exact violent and intense fervor of Achilles’ selfish fury. The very first line of Homer’s epic reads as follows, â€Å"Rage ― Goddess, sing of Peleus’ son Achilles, murderous, doomed, that cost the Achaeans countless losses, hurling down to the House of Death so many sturdy souls †¦Ã¢â‚¬ Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Homer s The Iliad Essay1231 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Iliad is a tale of war and aggression (Puchner 183). Written in the 8th century, it remains relevant to society today. The basis of the Iliad, warfare, brings with it portrayals of death, grief, and the real problem with humankind: we are not peaceful beings. In a war-ridden world, these topics remain pertinent to society. These terrors of war showcased in the Iliad generate an anti-war message. With this said, Homer creates a timeless lesson against war with his work. While the Iliad has beenRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s The Iliad997 Words   |  4 Pagesare set up in a way such that the audience must believe at least one party loves another. How they act on behalf of this love is perhaps a testimony to the strength of their love and heroic status. Taking this structure at face value, in Homer’s The Iliad, Hector shows the most modern form of heroism in Book Six. He chooses to fight rather than see his loved wife fall to the Achaeans, while others throughout the story view their women as prizes and choose to fight- or not- based on very different values;Read MoreAnalysis Of The Homer s The Iliad Essay1010 Words   |  5 PagesPoor leadership is devastating in The Iliad.. Homer recognizes this, making a particular effort to demonstrate what traits constitute effective leadership. It is crucial, therefore, to determine exactly how Homer presents this idea in order to gain a coherent understanding of his beliefs. With Homer’s convic tions in mind, the individual gifts of these war leaders shine rather brightly. One can then begin to analyze them, deciding for oneself who fits Homer’s ideas the best. Assuredly, each of theRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s The Iliad 1310 Words   |  6 Pagesunity in his tale. Homer was a writer who performed this feat throughout the entirety of the Iliad and showed his unique ability to weave a tale full of similes that both enhanced and unified his story. Although Homer used a variety of subjects in his similes, and many of them had a common thread. Homer’s unique ability was to create a tale so descriptive that the listener was able to fully immerse him or herself into the story. His usage of similes magnified this ability. Homer focused on the commonRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s The Iliad887 Words   |  4 PagesIn Homer’s the Iliad there are two types of culture which are shame and honor. The Greeks rank great significance on personal honor. Why is tha t? The reason being is that to them honor means the ability to fight and be triumphant on the battle field. There are many ways honor is obtained to the Greeks, another way to prove your honor is to reveal athletic abilities. Meanwhile, the shame culture has a different concept to the Greeks. Shame meant to have good morals towards others and it is a moreRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s The Iliad866 Words   |  4 PagesIn Homer’s The Iliad, women can often be overshadowed by the strong male warriors that dominate the epic poem. However, many women in The Iliad are central to the plot; without these women the poem would have a drastically different story. The influence of women in The Iliad varies from woman to woman, usually having some effect on the plot, but the extent of their involvement is typically dependent on their status in society. However, even when a woman is in a position of great power, she is stillRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s Iliad 1382 Words   |  6 PagesRy an Doerhoff History of Greece Dr. Kirkland September 5, 2014 Document Analysis The primary documents that will be focused on in this analysis come from Homer’s Iliad. Homer is venerated today as the greatest of Greek epic poets, as his works had a colossal impact on the history of literature. Through his epics, Homer brings us first hand into the culture of the Greek world in the eighth century B.C. It is important to note that at this time very few had the privilege of an education, and lackedRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s The Iliad 1177 Words   |  5 Pagesto the powerful, hardheaded fighters that generally appear in The Iliad. His purpose in The Iliad is to demonstrate, through tact and strategic ability, that strength and brawn isn’t all that compose a hero. Odysseus, the great tactician, isn’t known as the brawn, but the brain of the Achaian army. When compared with Menelaos, â€Å"Menelaos was bigger by his broad shoulders, but Odysseus was the more lordly† (III, 210). Here, Homer is intentionally lessening Odysseus’ physical prowess to uphold hisRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s The Iliad Essay1692 Words   |  7 PagesA major theme seen in Homer’s The Iliad is one of war and the politics that play a role in it. A key part of politics is the interactions that take place between people when determining policies and courses of action. The focus of this paper will be on the interactions between the Greek leaders and the army in the opening of book 2. There will be a section where I will analyze these interactions and provide evidence showing what degree I believe the Greek leaders care about their army. The way thatRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s The Iliad993 Words   |  4 Pages In Homer’s The Iliad, we learn that the mother and father relationships within the family is very important, but we don’t want to overlook the brothers. For instance, in the Greek and Trojan families, it was one way to bring everyone together. The brotherhood of Agamemnon and Menelaus, and Hector and Paris illustrates their devotion. Book Six of The Iliad comprehends several illustrations of how honor strengthens the bond between both brother’s Agamemnon and Menelaus and Hector and Paris. Glory

All Quiet on the Western Front - 700 Words

All Quiet on the Western Front is a deep, multi-faceted story that, on its face, is nothing more than a tale of war. Examining it closer, however, reveals an in-depth insight into the mind of a soldier, manifested in the character of Paul Baumer. Over the course of the story, Baumer struggles to find himself as his views on the war evolve and mature. He comes to understand that what he once was and could have been, has been crushed by drill and combat. Baumers change in outlook on the war that it is an evil done on society is manifested in two events: His two weeks of leave and his stabbing of the French soldier. These cement his belief that the war is not heroic but steals the lives of innocent people, not simply through death but, more†¦show more content†¦His true personality, though warped now by war, tries to emerge. The soldier mentality, of course, returns and crushes his true personality as soon as he returns to the front, as he needs it to survive. When Baumer goes on a night time patrol, he gets separated from the others. He lies in a shell hole until the next day. Here, Baumer comes face to face with the folly of the war. When a French soldier jumps in, Baumer stabs him, acting on pure soldiers instinct. But as the Frenchman lies there dying, Baumer cannot stand it. He promises the soldier that when the war is over, he will take care of his family and live for his sake. He realizes once and for all that his enemy is no more evil than he, and that they each are two sides of the same card. He knows deeply that no good can come of such a conflict. He had touched on these ideas during his training time near the Russian prisoner of war camp, but he turned away from them, dismissing them as too dangerous. I wish Kantorek were sitting here beside me,† Baumer says, implying that he would like to hear what his old self-righteous school teacher would say to explain this and justify it. This deadly encounter solidifies the idea in Baumers mind, as he memorizes the name of the soldier he killed. On another note, Baumer references solitude later in the story as being aShow MoreRelatedAll Quiet of the Western Front756 Words   |  3 PagesPlot Summary: All Quiet on the Western Front Written by Erich Maria Remarque, All Quiet on the Western Front is the tale of a young man by the name of Paul. Paul who is nineteen years old gathers several of his friends from school and together they voluntarily join the army fighting for the Axis alliance. Before they are sent off into actual battle, they are faced with the brutal training camp. Along with this they face the cruelty of the life of a soldier. This made them question the reason forRead MoreAll Quiet on the Western Front700 Words   |  3 PagesThe greatest war novel of all time, All Quiet on the Western Front, by Erich Maria Remarque, is a novel that depicted the hardships of a group of teenagers who enlisted in the German Army during World War 1. Enlisting right out of high school forced the teens to experience things they had never thought of. From the life of a soilder on the front line to troubles with home life, war had managed to once again destroy a group of teenagers. Throughout the novel, we saw the men of the Second CompanyRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front1797 Words   |  8 PagesTitle: All Quiet on the Western Front Creator: Erich Maria Remarque Date of Publication: 1929 Class: War Novel Anecdotal Information about Author: -Erich Maria Remarque was conceived on 22 June 1898 into a working people family in the German city of Osnabrà ¼ck to Peter Franz Remark (b. 14 June 1867, Kaiserswerth) and Anna Maria (nà ©e Stallknecht; conceived 21 November 1871, Katernberg). -During World War I, Remarque was recruited into the armed force at 18 years old. On 12 June 1917, heRead MoreAll Quiet on the Western Front943 Words   |  4 Pages The book All Quiet on the Western Front, by Erich Maria Remarque, is about a group of 19 year old young men who are changed by the ways of war. There is paul: the main character; Tjaden: a tall, skinny locksmith, also the biggest eater; Albert Kropp: a lance-corporal and the clearest thinker; Muller: studious, intelligent, and likes school; Leer: has a preference for the girls from the prostitution houses and has a beard; Haie Westhus: a peat-digger, and big in size; Deterring: a peasant, he alwaysRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front2393 Words   |  10 PagesAll Quiet on the Western Front: Book Review Erich Maria Remarque, author of All Quiet on the Western Front, actually fought in WWI (Remarque 297). Because of this, he was able to write this book with accurate depictions of the war. He writes how being in combat can really take a toll on a person and affect them in a negative way. He also writes of the pain and suffering that the soldiers must cope with that comes along with living in constant fear and danger. When looking at the title of theRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front2085 Words   |  9 PagesThis essay will consider the different effects created by Erich Maria Remarque in his novel All Quiet on the Western Front. As a writer, Remarque unknowingly left his novel open to readers with completely different perspectives, and to various forms of criticism. This undoubtedly meant that every single reader had been affected by the novel in many different ways which unfortunately for Remarque may have been an effect that he never intended. This essay is divided into 5 main sections. Firstly itRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front1089 Words   |  5 Pages In Erich Maria Remarque’s novel, All Quiet on the Western Front, human nature is the only abstract periphery between belligerent barbarism and justifiable violence. Through the insipid bombardments that rained shells over the Germans’ heads and noxious implementation of mustard gas, Remarque dexterously misleads the reader into believing that he fights in an apathetic war where all remnants of human nature and identity have been destroyed with the introduction of trench warfare. Through Paul Baumer’sRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front1509 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"He fell in October 1918, on a day that was so quiet and still on the whole front, that the army report confined itself to a single sentence: All quiet on the Western Front† (Remarque 296). Paul Baumer, the narrator of All Quiet on the Western Front, enlisted into the German army at a young age of nineteen with a group of friends from school. Kantorek, Paul’s teacher, â€Å"gave us long lectures until the whole of our class went, under his shepherding, to the District Commandant and volunteered† (RemarqueRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front1129 Words   |  5 PagesIn Erich Maria Remarque’s All Quiet on the Western Front, soldiers at the front have a better idea than civilians of the true n ature of war because they have experienced the war while civilians have only read about it or listened to government propaganda. Remarque is trying to tell us that only those who experience the war can understand how awful war truly is. In All Quiet on the Western Front, the main character Paul goes back to his home, the people he meets still think that the Germans are winningRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front1790 Words   |  8 Pagessmell of cigar smoke, gunpowder, and dirt that filled the air. There was no nationalism; all Paul wanted was survival. World War I was supposed to be about nationalism and the propaganda forced upon the soldiers to feel superiority over other countries, but Paul helps to prove otherwise, as his story tells what is was like to be at the front, and how tough it was to be a soldier. â€Å"All Quiet on the Western Front† portrays war as it was actually experienced, replacing the romantic picture of glory and

Marketing Environment Of Samsung Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Environment Of Samsung. Answer: Introduction Marketing plays a great role to increase the share of the market. Samsung is the largest brand in the mobile industry. The main aim of the company is to secure the leadership in the industry so that competitive advantage can be achieved. This company emphasize on the trade exports and activities are conducted in more than 58 countries. Headquarter of the company is situated in Korea and there are more than 65 countries that has a sales network globally. The company is mainly engaged in selling mobile phones that have a large market share globally. Samsung is a Korean word that means three stars. Objectives of this company are to be in the top five positions by 2020. This company also has a vision of increasing their revenue by considerable margin. Marketing environment and the factors that impacts upon marketing It is necessary for the firms to understand its marketing environment before conducting its marketing activities. This helps them in developing their activities in a better way. Samsung is in the industry that is having intense rivalry in terms of innovation and hence company needs to plan marketing activities that are highly differentiable and attractive. Marketing environment for Samsung is as follows: Political and legal: Governments all around the world have changed their business policies inside the country and hence Samsung also needs to comply with all these so that they may not have to face any legal complication in future. In most of the countries governments have eased the rules for doing the business inside the country (Mithas et al., 2013). Economic: There has been continuous downfall in European economy as well as markets like America and Australia has been showing slow growth. This is a challenge for Samsung as people want products that are cost effective (Kumar, 2017). Social: Needs of the society is changing at a faster rate and it has become essential for the firm to make innovations accordingly so as to have edge over the market. Technological innovations at lower rates are highly appreciated in the electronic market (Jung, Samsung Electronics, 2014). Competition: In electronic industry competition have risen to very alarming level. Companies are cutting throats of each other in order to succeed over each other. It has become essential for the companies to construct its marketing environment more smartly so as to pin the demands of potential consumers accordingly (Verbeke, 2013). Factors that need to be taken into account are: Competitors strategy: The strategy that is made by the competitors effects marketing activities of cited firm Industry condition: Condition of industry has greater influence on marketing activities of the cited firm. Consumer demands: This is one of the most essential factors as no marketing activities can achieve success without fully understanding the demands of market. Position in market: Position of the company in the market plays a higher role and poses a greater influence in the planning of marketing activities (Blackburn et al., 2013). Ways in which factors affect marketing activities All the above mentioned factors have greater impact on the marketing activities. It has become essential for them to construct its marketing activities accordingly. Competitors strategy: Many bigger firms like LG, Apple etc. have an excellent market base as well as have the capacity to influence the demands of the consumers. It is essential for Samsung to construct its marketing activities different from that of their competitors. Apart from this Samsung must have marketing strategy that gives them edge over their competitors. This is possible when a comprehensive study of competitors strategy has been made. Industry condition: It is also essential for Samsung to check the condition of the Industry and their performance in order to construct their marketing activities. This helps them in giving ideas regarding the trends and approach of the industry which is necessary for making an effective marketing process (Chen and Ann, 2016). Consumers demands: Before planning of marketing activities it is essential that firm does a thorough market research to understand the demands of their potential consumers. This is essential for achieving greater sales (Wheelen and Hunger, 2017). Position in the market: Before making plans for marketing activities it is essential for Samsung to evaluate their position in the market. Samsung is a bigger brand name and hence it is easier for them to market its product (Bharadwaj et al., 2013). Recommendations Samsung should give more emphasis on Digital marketing so that large market share can be achieved. Effective tools like proper advertising should be considered so that the company can easily accomplish goals and objectives. It is seen that if proper strategies of advertisement are not considered then it can give negative impact on the overall sales. The company should give emphasis on launching the brand in the market so that the company can compete in the market. Samsung should evaluate the market at the time of setting the outlet and take assistance from the consultants so that decisions can be taken. It is essential to locate the outlet at each and every so that the customers can purchase it easily. To create proper management it also essential so that the outlet can be located in each place and the satisfaction level of the customers can be enhanced. Innovation driven marketing strategy is also beneficial for the organization as it can evaluate the needs and wants of the customers. Conclusion So, by evaluating the report it is concluded that marketing plays a significant role and company can conduct the operations smoothly if proper management is there in the organization. In the first phase of the report the discussion is made of the marketing and environment and the factors that gives impact on marketing. In the last phase of the report the discussion is made on the ways that affect the activities related to marketing and also recommendations to enhance the market share in a proper manner. References Bharadwaj, A., El Sawy, O.A., Pavlou, P.A. and Venkatraman, N.V., 2013. Digital business strategy: toward a next generation of insights. Blackburn, R.A., Hart, M. and Wainwright, T., 2013. Small business performance: business, strategy and owner-manager characteristics.Journal of small business and enterprise development,20(1), pp.8-27. Chen, C.M. and Ann, B.Y., 2016. Efficiencies vs. importance-performance analysis for the leading smartphone brands of Apple, Samsung and HTC.Total Quality Management Business Excellence,27(3-4), pp.227-249. Jung, Y.C., Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., 2014.Display screen or portion thereof with graphical user interface. U.S. Patent D701,226. Kumar, V., 2017. Statistical Evaluation of Customers Satisfaction on the Uses of Samsung Mobile: A Case Study.International Journal of Statistics and Reliability Engineering,3(2). Mithas, S., Tafti, A. and Mitchell, W., 2013. How a Firm's Competitive Environment and Digital Strategic Posture Influence Digital Business Strategy.MIS quarterly,37(2). Verbeke, A., 2013.International business strategy. Cambridge University Press. Wheelen, T.L. and Hunger, J.D., 2017.Strategic management and business policy. pearson.

Romantism Essays - Lecturers, Civil Disobedience,

Romantism And Rationalism Romanticism began in the mid-18th century and reached its height in the 19th century. The Romantic literature of the nineteenth century holds in its topics the ideals of the time period, concentrating on emotion, nature, and the expression of "nothing." The Romantic era was one that focused on the commonality of humankind and, while using emotion and nature; the poets and their works shed light on people's universal natures. Romanticism as a movement declined in the late 19th century and early 20th century with the growing dominance of Realism in the literature and the rapid advancement of science and technology. However, Romanticism was very impressionative on most individuals during its time. Rationalism or Realism was erected during the mid 19th century. Realism are ideas that are brought up in philosophical thinking. The realistic movement of the late 19th century saw authors accurately depict life and it's problems. Realists attempted to give a comprehensive picture of modern life by presenting the entire picture. They did not try to give one view of life but instead attempted to show the different classes, manners, and stratification of life. The Rationalist recognizes that they must master their own destiny, using their unique powers of reason and the scientific method to solve problems. Such authors that represent these two eras are Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, William Wordsworth and Charles Darwin. Romantics believed that one needed to understand nature to understand oneself. In other words, only through nature could one discover who they are. Emerson shows this in his writing called "Nature". In the exert "...man beholds somewhat as beautiful as his own nature." This depicts Emerson's feelings toward nature; view nature as you view yourself. If one views nature as caring and compassionate, one will also see themselves as caring and compassionate. Similarly if you understand nature you will know yourself better. As one gains wisdom from nature, one begins to realize that understanding is a gate way to the divine as well as to oneself. Other writers also agreed with this notion of nature. In the essay "Walden" by Thoreau, Thoreau had left society to move into a shelter outside of his town. By living on only the necessities he lived his life as simple as he could, thus finding the divine within himself. By being separate from society and being one with yourself are the only ways one can find the divine. Thoreau felt by doing this society would have a harder time to mold him into what it wanted him to think. Thoreau left a life of luxury for "voluntary poverty". Even though he was "poorer in his outward riches" he was wealthy in his "inward riches". A good number of romantic views of Nature suggested using Nature as ones tool to learn. This is evident in William Wordsworth's poem "The Tables Turned. In the poem "The Tables Turned" Wordsworth states to "quit your books [for it is] a dull and endless strife[;] enough of Science; close up those barren leaves." Wordsworth believed piece that books were useless to learn from. He believed that we should "Let Nature be [our] Teacher [for it]...may teach you more of man [and] moral good and evil[, more] than all the sages can." Wordsworth agreed with the previous notion that to understand the divine and oneself, they must first start with understanding Nature. This View of studying Nature is taken one step further by Charles Darwin. Perhaps the most appealing quality of Darwin's work was that it accounted for phenomenon in a purely naturalistic manner. It was the most scientific explanation yet, completely removing the supernatural explanation, and setting him apart from the theorists before him. The major unsettled scientific question of Darwin's Theory was be in regards to natural selection as the mechanism for change, which became the issue among the general public as well. It took several years for the idea of natural selection to become accepted within the scientific community. Darwin's work was not immediately accepted as science. In a sense, he was revolutionary, not just for proposing an explanation of evolution that removed the supernatural element, but also for the fact that he was able to present his ideas to the scientific community in an unconventional manner, through speculative thought. The essential idea in Darwinian evolutionary thought is that species are not immutable. The prevailing assumption prior to Darwin was that species were immutable ( i.e. fixed in their characteristics). This idea was held in opposition to the evidence that humans had been doing selective breeding on cattle, horses, birds, fruit Romantism Essays - Lecturers, Civil Disobedience, Romantism And Rationalism Romanticism began in the mid-18th century and reached its height in the 19th century. The Romantic literature of the nineteenth century holds in its topics the ideals of the time period, concentrating on emotion, nature, and the expression of "nothing." The Romantic era was one that focused on the commonality of humankind and, while using emotion and nature; the poets and their works shed light on people's universal natures. Romanticism as a movement declined in the late 19th century and early 20th century with the growing dominance of Realism in the literature and the rapid advancement of science and technology. However, Romanticism was very impressionative on most individuals during its time. Rationalism or Realism was erected during the mid 19th century. Realism are ideas that are brought up in philosophical thinking. The realistic movement of the late 19th century saw authors accurately depict life and it's problems. Realists attempted to give a comprehensive picture of modern life by presenting the entire picture. They did not try to give one view of life but instead attempted to show the different classes, manners, and stratification of life. The Rationalist recognizes that they must master their own destiny, using their unique powers of reason and the scientific method to solve problems. Such authors that represent these two eras are Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, William Wordsworth and Charles Darwin. Romantics believed that one needed to understand nature to understand oneself. In other words, only through nature could one discover who they are. Emerson shows this in his writing called "Nature". In the exert "...man beholds somewhat as beautiful as his own nature." This depicts Emerson's feelings toward nature; view nature as you view yourself. If one views nature as caring and compassionate, one will also see themselves as caring and compassionate. Similarly if you understand nature you will know yourself better. As one gains wisdom from nature, one begins to realize that understanding is a gate way to the divine as well as to oneself. Other writers also agreed with this notion of nature. In the essay "Walden" by Thoreau, Thoreau had left society to move into a shelter outside of his town. By living on only the necessities he lived his life as simple as he could, thus finding the divine within himself. By being separate from society and being one with yourself are the only ways one can find the divine. Thoreau felt by doing this society would have a harder time to mold him into what it wanted him to think. Thoreau left a life of luxury for "voluntary poverty". Even though he was "poorer in his outward riches" he was wealthy in his "inward riches". A good number of romantic views of Nature suggested using Nature as ones tool to learn. This is evident in William Wordsworth's poem "The Tables Turned. In the poem "The Tables Turned" Wordsworth states to "quit your books [for it is] a dull and endless strife[;] enough of Science; close up those barren leaves." Wordsworth believed piece that books were useless to learn from. He believed that we should "Let Nature be [our] Teacher [for it]...may teach you more of man [and] moral good and evil[, more] than all the sages can." Wordsworth agreed with the previous notion that to understand the divine and oneself, they must first start with understanding Nature. This View of studying Nature is taken one step further by Charles Darwin. Perhaps the most appealing quality of Darwin's work was that it accounted for phenomenon in a purely naturalistic manner. It was the most scientific explanation yet, completely removing the supernatural explanation, and setting him apart from the theorists before him. The major unsettled scientific question of Darwin's Theory was be in regards to natural selection as the mechanism for change, which became the issue among the general public as well. It took several years for the idea of natural selection to become accepted within the scientific community. Darwin's work was not immediately accepted as science. In a sense, he was revolutionary, not just for proposing an explanation of evolution that removed the supernatural element, but also for the fact that he was able to present his ideas to the scientific community in an unconventional manner, through speculative thought. The essential idea in Darwinian evolutionary thought is that species are not immutable. The prevailing assumption prior to Darwin was that species were immutable ( i.e. fixed in their characteristics). This idea was held in opposition to the evidence that humans had been doing selective breeding on cattle, horses, birds, fruit

Near Death Experiences essays

Near Death Experiences essays I love you and always will.(Ring, 37) One of the great many mysteries of all time is the mystery of what lies beyond life as we know it. What is really out there after we die and leave this world? This question has been asked and attempted to be answered for thousands of years. Religions try to answer it, even human logic tries to answer this question. Sociologists are possibly one of the most skeptic groups of people when it comes to the Near Death experiences. And they are most likey one of the main groups of professionals exploring near death experiences. Some Sociologists believe that there is not an efficaent way to diagnose NDEs as NDEs. One such sociologist is Bruce Grayson. He believes that there must be a more developed scale in which to test the depth of a NDE. Though NDEs differ from person to person, as of present research there are many acknowlged similarities that keep the experience consistent. They are: 1. Alertness during the cause of death and into the actual NDE 2. Hearing the news of ones own death while somewhere other than the body These stages of NDE can be in any order or can be completely omitted, but through study the most common occurrence during NDE are the above. Though some sociologists have intensely studied NDEs the patteren of the occurances sometimes still do not convince all researchers. It is the job of sociologists to further explore the behavior of these people and what happens durring the NDE. Though the stages of NDE have been doucumented they are still studied. Some of the more familiar research is explained further on in this paper. The most common first stage of NDE is the conscious experience of dying followed by such peace and tranquility that many patients claim there is no way of explaining it. A man who nearly died as a result of a motorcycle crash said as he lay dying in the hospital: I felt peaceful. I felt calm. No pain...extremely peaceful (R...

Minimum Efficient Scale Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Minimum Efficient Scale - Essay Example The MES is hardly ever a solitary output - more likely it is a range of production levels where standard cost is minimized where the firm achieves regular returns to scale. It varies from industry to industry depending on the type of the cost structure in a particular segment of the market. When the proportion of fixed to variable costs is very elevated, there is huge potential for dropping the average cost of production. The minimum efficient scale may be expressed as a variety of production standards, but its connection with the whole market size or demand will conclude how many competitors can successfully function in the market. If the minimum efficient scale is comparatively diminutive compared to total market size many companies can survive in the same space for example computer software companies. In other industries where the minimum efficient scale is quite large due to high fixed costs, only a few major players dominate the market place for example telecom and other basic materials. There is also likely to be enormous potential to take advantage of technical economies of scale. As a consequence the MES may be a high quantity of entire market demand. There may be an opportunity merely for single business to completely exploit the economies of scale obtainable in the industry. It is presumed for a natural monopoly that the long-run average cost curve falls constantly over a very great range of output. This is illustrated in the diagram below. Companies are able to exploit the market when the range of their minimum efficiency scale is high as this applies a barrier to entry. The higher the barriers to entry, the greater the ability of established firms to raise price above the long run average costs without letting the new firms enter the market this includes foreign competition too. Although production cost barriers are faced by both local and foreign companies, the foreigners face an additional barrier of tariffs levied by the government. As the manufacturers expand their scale of production, average costs decrease to minimum efficient scale that is to the optimal point. As they expand further than that, they become incompetently large, and face increasing average costs. Hence if we assume they increased too far, and finally settled at the minimum efficient scales they have oppressed all Economies of Scale, and Diseconomies of Scale, in manufacturing. Big firms can have lesser per-unit costs due to purchasing at bulk discounts example parts, indemnity, real estate, marketing, etc. and can also bound competition by buying out competitors, setting proprietary industry values. Looking at further examples, an automobile maker can buy millions of tons of steel at one point for use in forming engine blocks and store it for an indefinite period, if this will get a superior price. On the other hand, a florist can't buy millions of tons of matured flowers to put up for sale as they will shrivel before they are sold. This results in disparate interpretations of economies of scales for diverse types of companies. The size of a business may also alter over time, as industry and marketplace circumstances change. If a dealer finds a way to produce

Why is so much expected of soft power these days Essay

Why is so much expected of soft power these days - Essay Example Hard power, which is characterized as coercive in nature, is usually measured by virtue of a state’s military strength.3 Hard power was once the only matrix by which a state’s power was measured. Nowadays, changes particularly with interdependence among the global community, information technologies and the rise of non-state and non-military actors such as corporations and non-governmental organizations have given expression to a more significant source of power: soft power.4 This research study analyzes the rise of soft power today and discusses why so much is expected of soft power these days. This paper is therefore divided into two main parts. The first part of this paper analyzes the theory of soft power and the second part of this paper, analyzes the rise of soft power and identifies why so much is expected of soft power these days. The Theory of Soft Power Joseph Nye, a diplomat and scholar of the 1980s, introduced the theory of soft power.5 Nye (2003) described soft power as: ..the ability to get what you want by attracting and persuading others to adopt your goals. It differs from hard power, the ability to use the carrots and sticks of economic and military might to make other follow your will.6 Soft power is more about using â€Å"credible claims† and less about â€Å"propaganda†.7 Nye explains how credible claims amount to soft power. It comes from the state’s cultural, political and policies’ appeal. When a state’s policies are viewed as â€Å"legitimate† the state’s soft power is exemplified.8 Although the US has used and continues to use the military in its war against terrorism, it has also used and continues to use soft power.9 Soft power in the US counterterrorism strategies include enhanced collection and sharing of intelligence, cooperation with other states and methods for cutting off financing for terrorists activities. The US has also described its war against international te rrorism as a war that uses the US’s influence, working together with its allies in an attempt to perpetuate the idea that terrorism is unlawful and is the kind of conduct that no legitimate state would tolerate or aid.10 The US has also pledge to lend assistance and support to â€Å"moderate and modern government† particularly in Muslim states as a means of ensuring that â€Å"the conditions and ideologies that promote terrorism do not find fertile ground in any nation.†11 The US’s counterterrorism strategy also involves reducing or removing the root causes of terrorism by influencing other states to target those areas vulnerable to terrorists’ influences. The US’s specifically states its intention to use soft power in the war against terrorism by stating that it intends to use: Effective public diplomacy to promote the free flow of information and ideas to kindly the hopes and aspirations of freedom of those in societies ruled by the sponso rs of global terrorism.12 Thus the US counterterrorism policies are not geared toward forcing change and cooperation. The US Counterterrorism policies are aimed at influencing and persuading a change in behaviour and thinking as a means of helping the US achieve its goal of eradicating the threat of terrorism. Aside from the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, the US counterterrorism strategies can be distinguished from hard power as it is not coercive in nature. Hard power would have been demonstrated by the conscious use of economic and military power as a means of influencing the decisions and options of the enemy. Hard power is distinguished from soft power in significant ways. Hard power contemplates coercive techniques that can either be actual or symbolic. Soft power fosters agreement via policies and other forms of conduct that make

Business Legal Environmen(230) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business Legal Environmen(230) - Essay Example It also develops certainty in the rule of law because the precedents determine outcomes of cases. The doctrine also promotes flexibility in the rule of law by allowing judges to avoid existing precedents and establish new ones. It however also faces disadvantages such as uncertainty because of the wide scope of precedents and judges ability to deviate from a precedent. It also makes the judicial process rigid and it lacks the primary backing of the constitution (Meiners, Ringleb and Edwards, 10). One of the differences between criminal law and civil law is that civil law relates to private rights of members of the society and regulates relationships between private persons, whether natural or artificial, while criminal law relates to public rights against the state and therefore regulates the relationship between the state and citizens. Penalties to offences also define a difference between criminal and civil law. Criminal law induces imprisonment and fine penalties while civil law induces equitable remedies for losses suffered by parties due to civil wrongs (Meiners, Ringleb and Edwards, 108). The Marbury v. Madison involved a conflict in the rule of law that established a dilemma in the applicable law. The primary case involved a suit by Marbury and others who required the Supreme Court to order the secretary of state to deliver their appointment letters. The constitution however failed to stipulate such role for the high court though â€Å"The Judiciary Act of 1789† established the power to issue writ of mandamus. The Supreme Court ruled that the judiciary has the power to determine applicable law in case of such conflicts and this identifies the power of judicial review. The landmark case was important in offering checks on the congress’ legislative power by determining validity of legislated laws (Miller and Jentz, 66). Standing to sue defines the state of having a legal interest in a case before initiating litigation. It provides that a plaintiff

Earnest Hemingway: Would Be King :: Writing Literature Papers

Earnest Hemingway: Would Be King In the period immediately before World War I, there was a revolution in all art forms. The impressionists in France, late in the nineteenth century, had abandoned photographic realism to imply their emotional impressions of a scene. By the time of Picasso and Braqueat the end of the first decade of the twentieth century, painters were analyzing shapes, deconstructing them for component elements, or later, doing away with representationalreality all together. Composers like Igor Stravinski and Charles Ives introduced atonal, dissonant passages into music. Artists did not want to create in the same manner as theirpredecessors; they wanted to extend the range of their art. Beyond the arts, Sigmund Freud demonstrated the existence of the sub-conscious, a theory that would revolutionize the field of psychology. Einstein changed the face of Physics by proposing the theory of relativity and Werner Heisenberg predicted that complete and accurate depictions of phenomena wereimpossible. It was a time of sweeping change; the world if literature was no exception. In poetry, Ezra Pound was reacting against the metronomic beat of Victorian poetry. His credo was "Make it new." He insisted that writers use no superfluous word and avoidabstractions at all cost. T.S. Elliot followed Pound's technique, his voice and the voice of post-war Europe coming through in his masterpiece, The Wasteland. In fiction, James Joyce was insisting on removing the obvious presence of the author. Gertrude Stein was experimenting with sentence structure and word repetitions, trying to immerse her readers in a sense of ongoing present. Sherwood Anderson, like Joyce, wrote stories that did not snap shut at the ending, but developed gradually, aimlessly, their intent being a revelation of character. All these authors defined character less through authorial description and more through what the character said and did. Earnest Hemingway knew and studied with many of the best modernists. Their influence accentuated the spare laconic style he had already developed in high sc hool. The spare unadorned, grammatically simple, declarative sentences, largely devoid of adjective or adverb, also echoed Hemingway's own philosophy. For Hemingway, loss was inevitable: fate, circumstance, something always brought on the end. Love expired, through death or disenchantment, fame always dwindled, youth and vitality crumbled through the years; life itself was nothing more than a unpredictable feast of the senses. His philosophy is both stoic and existential: one should not complain, one should show grace under pressure (Hays, 41) Also, one should care about one's craft because it was the individual's actions which defined the character.

Cattell and Eysenck

Usually when we talk about someone's personality, we are talking about what makes that person different from other people, perhaps even unique. â€Å"The Cattell and Eysenck constructs and theories should be seen, not as mutually contradictory, but as complementary and mutually supportive. † The Late Hans Eysenck (1984). Cattell and the theory of Personality. Mult. Behav. Res, 19, 323-336. This eight page report discusses the work and models created by Hans Eysenck (1916-1997) and Raymond Cattell (1905-1998). Each developed specific theories regarding human personality. Eysenck’s is best expressed in the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) while Cattell’s 16PF or Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire serves as the best representation of his work on personality. Raymond Bernard Cattell (20 March 1905 – 2 February 1998) was a British and American psychologist known for his exploration of a wide variety of substantive areas in psychology. These areas included: the basic dimensions of personality and temperament, a range of cognitive abilities, the dynamic dimensions of motivation and emotion, the clinical dimensions of personality, patterns of group and social behavior, applications of personality research to psychotherapy and learning theory, predictors of creativity and achievement, and many scientific research methods for exploring and measuring these areas. Cattell was famously productive throughout his 92 years, authoring and co-authoring over 50 books and 500 articles, and over 30 standardized tests. According to a widely-cited ranking, he was the 16th most influential and eminent psychologist of the 20th century. Cattell and Eysenck 3 Raymond Cattell and Hans Eyseneck, so prominent were these two men, that their work is now enshrined in the Cattellian and Eysenckian Schools of Psychology, respectively. Cattell's scholarly training began at an early age when he was awarded admission to King's College at Cambridge University where he graduated with a Bachelor of Science in Chemistry in 1926 (Lamb, 1997). According to personal accounts, Cattell's socialist attitudes, paired with interests developed after attending a Cyril Burt lecture in the same year, turned his attention to the study of psychology, still regarded as a philosophy (Horn, 2001). Following the completion of his doctorate studies of psychology in 1929 Cattell lectured at the University at Exeter where, in 1930, he made his first contribution to the science of psychology with the Cattell Intelligence Tests (scales 1, 2, and 3). During fellowship studies in 1932, he turned his attention to the measurement of personality focusing of the understanding of economic, social and moral problems and how objective psychological research on moral decision could aid such problems (Lamb, 1997). Cattell's most renowned contribution to the science of psychology also pertains to the study of personality. Cattell's 16 Personality Factor Model aims to construct a common taxonomy of traits using a lexical approach to narrow natural language to standard applicable personality adjectives. Though his theory has never been replicated, his contributions to factor analysis have been exceedingly valuable to the study of psychology. In order to apply factor analysis to personality, Cattell believed it necessary to sample the widest possible range of variables. He specified three kinds of data for comprehensive sampling, to capture the full range of personality dimensions: Cattell and Eysenck 4 Objective, life data (or L-data), which involves collecting data from the individual’s natural, everyday life behaviors, measuring their characteristic behavior patterns in the real world. This could range from number of traffic accidents or number of parties attended each month, to grade point average in school or number of illnesses or divorces. Experimental data (or T-data) which involves reactions to standardized experimental situations created in a lab where a subject’s behavior can be objectively observed and measured. Questionnaire data (or Q-data), which involves responses based on introspection by the individual about their own behavior and feelings. He found that this kind of direct questioning often measured subtle internal states and viewpoints that might be hard to see or measure in external behavior. In order for a personality dimension to be called â€Å"fundamental and unitary,† Cattell believed that it needed to be found in factor analyses of data from all three of these domains. Thus, Cattell constructed personality measures of a wide range of traits in each medium. He then repeatedly performed factor analyses on the data. With the help of many colleagues, Cattell's factor-analytic studies continued over several decades, eventually producing 16 fundamental factors underlying human personality. He decided to name these traits with letters (A, B, C, D, E†¦), like vitamins, in order to avoid misnaming these newly discovered dimensions, or inviting confusion with existing vocabulary and concepts. Factor-analytic studies by many researchers in diverse cultures around the world have re-validated the number and meaning of these Cattell and Eysenck 5 traits. This international confirmation and validation established Cattell’s 16 factors as objective and scientific. Cattell set about developing tests to measure these traits across different age ranges, such as The 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire for adults, the Adolescent Personality Questionnaire, and the Children’s Personality Questionnaire. These tests have now been translated into many languages and validated across different cultures. Hans Eysenck was born in Germany on March 4, 1916. His parents were actors who divorced when he was only two, and so Hans was raised by his grandmother. He left there when he was 18 years old, when the Nazis came to power. As an active Jewish sympathizer, his life was in danger. In England, he continued his education, and received his Ph. D. in Psychology from the University of London in 1940. During World War II, he served as a psychologist at an emergency hospital, where he did research on the reliability of psychiatric diagnoses. The results led him to a life-long antagonism to main-stream clinical psychology. After the war, he taught at the University of London, as well as serving as the director of the psychology department of the Institute of Psychiatry, associated with Bethlehem Royal Hospital. He has written 75 books and some 700 articles, making him one of the most prolific writers in psychology. Eysenck retired in 1983 and continued to write until his death on September 4, 1997. This aspect of personality is called individual differences. For some theories, it is the central issue. These theories often spend considerable attention on things like types and traits and tests with which we can categorize or compare people: Some people are neurotic, others are not; some people are more introverted, others more extroverted; and Cattell and Eysenck 6 so on. However, personality theorists are just as interested in the commonalities among people. What, for example, do the neurotic person and the healthy person have in common? Or what is the common structure in people that expresses itself as introversion in some and extroversion in others? If you place people on some dimension – such as healthy-neurotic or introversion-extroversion – you are saying that the dimension is something everyone can be placed on. Whether they are neurotic or not, all people have a capacity for health and ill-health; and whether introverted or extroverted, all are â€Å"verted† one way or the other. Another way of saying this is that personality theorists are interested in the structure of the individual, the psychological structure in particular. How are people â€Å"put together;† how do they â€Å"work;† how do they â€Å"fall apart. † Some theorists go a step further and say they are looking for the essence of being a person. Or they say they are looking for what it means to be an individual human being. The field of personality psychology stretches from a fairly simple empirical search for differences between people to a rather philosophical search for the meaning of life! Perhaps it is just pride, but personality psychologists like to think of their field as a sort of umbrella for all the rest of psychology. Critics of the psychology of individual differences have often claimed naively that the use of factor analysis in test construction has â€Å"only lead to confusion–since Eysenck found three factors, while Cattell found 16 factors† within the personality domain. Yet these ill-informed critics failed to understand that Eysenck and Cattell were talking about personality measurement at different levels within the hierarchical trait model. Cattell and Eysenck 7 Ray concentrated on primary factors, while Hans focused on broader secondary dimensions. Indeed, at the second-order 16PF level, the degree of communality between the Eysenckian and Cattellian factors was striking! It might be nice to start off with a definition of theories of personality. First, theory: a theory is a model of reality that helps us to understand, explain, predict, and control that reality. In the study of personality, these models are usually verbal. Every now and then, someone comes up with a graphic model, with symbolic illustrations, or a mathematical model, or even a computer model. But words are the basic form. Different approaches focus on different aspects of theory. Eysenck’s theory is based primarily on physiology and genetics. Although he is a behaviorist who considers learned habits of great importance, he considers personality differences as growing out of our genetic inheritance. He is, therefore, primarily interested in what is usually called temperament. Eysenck is also primarily a research psychologist. His methods involve a statistical technique called factor analysis. This technique extracts a number of â€Å"dimensions† from large masses of data. For example, if you give long lists of adjectives to a large number of people for them to rate themselves on, you have prime raw material for factor analysis. Imagine, for example, a test that included words like â€Å"shy,† â€Å"introverted,† â€Å"outgoing,† â€Å"wild,† and so on. Obviously, shy people are likely to rate themselves high on the first two words, and low on the second two. Outgoing people are likely to do the reverse. Factor analysis extracts dimensions – factors – such as shy outgoing from the mass of information. The Cattell and Eysenck 8 researcher then examines the data and gives the factor a name such as â€Å"introversion-extraversion. † There are other techniques that will find the â€Å"best fit† of the data to various possible dimensions, and others still that will find â€Å"higher level† dimensions – factors that organize the factors, like big headings organize little headings. Eysenck's original research found two main dimensions of temperament: neuroticism and extraversion introversion. Neuroticism is the name Eysenck gave to a dimension that ranges from normal, fairly calm and collected people to one’s that tend to be quite â€Å"nervous. † His research showed that these nervous people tended to suffer more frequently from a variety of â€Å"nervous disorders† we call neuroses, hence the name of the dimension. But understand that he was not saying that people who score high on the neuroticism scale are necessarily neurotics – only that they are more susceptible to neurotic problems. His second dimension is extraversion-introversion. By this he means something very similar to what Jung meant by the same terms, and something very similar to our common-sense understanding of them: Shy, quiet people â€Å"versus† out-going, even loud people. This dimension, too, is found in everyone, but the physiological explanation is a bit more complex. Eysenck hypothesized that extraversion-introversion is a matter of the balance of â€Å"inhibition† and â€Å"excitation† in the brain itself. These are ideas that Pavlov came up with to explain some of the differences he found in the reactions of his various dogs to stress. Excitation is the brain waking itself up, getting into an alert, learning state. Inhibition is the brain calming itself down, either in the usual sense of relaxing and going to sleep, or in the sense of protecting itself in the case of overwhelming stimulation. Cattell and Eysenck 9 To bring to a close, although Cattell contributed much to personality research through the use of factor analysis his theory is greatly criticized. The most apparent criticism of Cattell's 16 Personality Factor Model is the fact that despite many attempts his theory has never been entirely replicated. In 1971, Howarth and Brown's factor analysis of the 16 Personality Factor Model found 10 factors that failed to relate to items present in the model. Howarth and Brown concluded, â€Å"that the 16 PF does not measure the factors which it purports to measure at a primary level (Eysenck & Eysenck, 1987) Studies conducted by Sell et al. (1970) and by Eysenck and Eysenck (1969) also failed to verify the 16 Personality Factor Model's primary level (Noller, Law, Comrey, 1987). Also, the reliability of Cattell's self-report data has also been questioned by researchers (Schuerger, Zarrella, & Hotz, 1989). Cattell and colleagues responded to the critics by maintaining the stance that the reason the studies were not successful at replicating the primary structure of the 16 Personality Factor model was because the studies were not conducted according to Cattell's methodology. However, using Cattell's exact methodology, Kline and Barrett (1983), only were able to verify four of sixteen primary factors (Noller, Law & Comrey, 1987). In response to Eysenck's criticism, Cattell, himself, published the results of his own factor analysis of the 16 Personality Factor Model, which also failed to verify the hypothesized primary factors (Eysenck, 1987). Despite all the criticism of Cattell's hypothesis, his empirical findings lead the way for investigation and later discovery of the ‘Big Five' dimensions of personality. Fiske (1949) and Tupes and Christal (1961) simplified Cattell's variables to five recurrent Cattell and Eysenck 10 factors known as extraversion or surgency, agreeableness, consciousness, motional stability and intellect or openness (Pervin & John, 1999). Cattell's Sixteen Personality Factor Model has been greatly criticized by many researchers, mainly because of the inability of replication. More than likely, during Cattell's factor analysis errors in computation occurred resulting in skewed data, thus the inability to replicate. Since, computer programs for factor analysis did not exist during Ca ttell's time and calculations were done by hand it is not surprising that some errors occurred. However, through investigation into to the validity of Cattell's model researchers did discover the Big Five Factors, which have been monumental in understanding personality, as we know it today. In summary, Humanists and Existentialists tend to focus on the understanding part. They believe that much of what we are is way too complex and embedded in history and culture to â€Å"predict and control. † Besides, they suggest, redacting and controlling people is, to a considerable extent, unethical. Behaviorists and Freudians, on the other hand, prefer to discuss prediction and control. If an idea is useful, if it works, go with it! Understanding, to them, is secondary. Another definition says that a theory is a guide to action: We figure that the future will be something like the past. We figure that certain sequences and patterns of events that have occurred frequently before are likely to occur again. So we look to the first events of a sequence, or the most vivid parts of a pattern, to serve as our landmarks and warning signals. A theory is a little like a map: It isn't the same as the countryside it describes; it certainly doesn't give you every detail; it may not even be terribly accurate. But it does provide a guide to action.

Business Ethics Research Paper - 2018 Words

Insider Trading By Jennifer Miller Instructor Margie Andrist Business Ethics The purpose of this paper is to review the phenomenon of illegal insider trading in the United States financial securities markets. The analysis section of this paper (a) defines illegal insider trading, (b) explains the enforcement of laws and regulations concerning illegal insider trading, (c) review the pattern of illegal insider trading from 1996 through 2005, and (d) compares the problem of illegal insider trading in the United States with the problem in other countries. Consider this: Imagine a boardroom of corporate executives, along with their lawyers, accountants, and investment bankers, plotting to take over a public company. The date†¦show more content†¦In actuality, the requirement of disclosure is, in itself, a form of protection. Disclosure required by most regulatory authorities in developed economies may be classified into two categories: (a) disclosure related to operations in the securities markets; and (b) disclosure required by publicly held companies subject to the jurisdiction of the regulatory authority. Disclosure related to the direct operations of securities markets concerns the relationships of security brokers and representatives to the corporate entities issuing the securities traded. Disclosure required by publicly held corporations subject to the jurisdiction of the regulatory authority includes almost all of what is generally considered to be the public disclosure requirements for corporations. These disclosure requirements include information pertaining to, â€Å"(a) the relationship between the management of a corporation and its auditors; (b) the nature of relationships between a corporation and any of its shareholders; (c) institutional investment relationships; (d) proxy requirements; (e) board and committee composition; (f) compensation for the board of directors; and (g) management compensation† (Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Title 12). Shareholder rights and proxy disclosure requirements resulted from the belief that the management of a public corporation can effectively frustrate shareholders’ efforts to participate in the management ofShow MoreRelatedCritique Of - Applying Ethical Theories: Interpreting and Responding to Student Plagiarism, Journal of Business Ethics1310 Words   |  6 Pages Manchester Metropolitan University Business School Research Methods Assessment 1: Critical Writing (15%) Granitz, N. and D. 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